Since ammonium nitrate is the principal ingredient in ANFO, people often refer to ANFO as a fertilizer instead of a blasting agent or explosive material. Ammonium nitrate is a fertilizer, and it will explode under certain conditions. Blasters also have gotten into the habit of calling ANFO a fertilizer. They could be sensitive to the possibility of vandals want- ing to get their hands on a relatively insensitive explosive material.
Over-the-road trailers, with some minor modifications, can be classified as Class 5 magazines, approved for the storage of blasting agents. In almost every case, the trailer used to transport the ANFO to its destination will be used to store the material.
Some individuals working for construction companies, government agencies, and even blasting companies have no idea of what a blasting agent is. Since they hear others refer to it as a fertilizer, they do, too. The U. The difference in definitions between the two is technical. Blasting agents are explosive materials, and they are designed to explode, producing predetermined results. He is an editorial advisory board member of Fire Engineering. Sign in. Forgot your password?
Clarion Events Privacy Policy. The difference of table 1 technical grade ammonium nitrate and chemical fertilizer level ammonium nitrate. In next step, high density ammonium nitrate 1. This heating process is the indirect heat transfer of the conduction between the wall by device and high density ammoniumnitrate prill.
This heat treated purpose is to improve the temperature of granule so that the crystal structure of ammonium nitrate produces change, it is to avoid affect its water content. The change sought in crystal structure occurs from IV phase to the phase transformation of III phase due to ammonium nitrate; And increase and decrease in density along with the volume caused due to molecular rearrangement. During these changes of ammonium nitrate crystal structure are known and usually occur in the storage of raw material caused by temperature cycles.
But, the modified of physical property with phase transformation is considered as unwelcome, because it affects the desired character of ammonium nitrate, reduces hardness, mobility, and causes crust. In a word, these changes cause the reduction to the sensitivity detonated and ignite. The present invention proposes the physical change that application is caused by the phase transformation of high density ammonium nitrate.
Therefore, in the method proposed, the treatment temperature of heater 1. The temperature that this phase transformation starts is The process time of high density ammonium nitrate is directly related with the temperature of the ammonium nitrate processed when it leaves heater 1.
It is less obvious in initially having bigger hardness, less porous space or crackle and there are those granules of inorganic additive that its dependent variable being likely to affect heat treatment efficiency relates to the change of the feature of high density ammoniumnitrate prill, density and fuel adsorption capacity.
On the other hand, the high density ammoniumnitrate prill with less hardness can be more affected by this treatment, causes that due to the fragility of granule fine powder produces to increase, and comes into question in the process preparing ANFO and weight ANFO.
Preferably, high density ammonium nitrate should have the bulk density of 0. And, heat treatment and the method for preparing ANFO and weight ANFO all should produce minimum friction and the possible damage generation to avoid fine powder, and this is owing to thermally treated ammoniumnitrate prill is more fragile. Next step for sieving 1d to remove the fine powder produced in previous stage to the outlet of heater 1c. The product obtained is thermally treated ammonium nitrate 1.
This screening step 1. The character of table 2 high density ammonium nitrate, porous ammonium nitrate and thermally treated ammonium nitrate. Thermally treated ammonium nitrate 1. Along with decrease in density is more and oily absorption increases, the thermally treated ammonium nitrate of the present invention demonstrates better result in the processing of ANFO and weight ANFO.
Flow chart according to Fig. This technique includes the ratio with 5 or 6, preferably mixes 2. Fuel 2-f for ANFO production technology can be bio-fuel, biodiesel, diesel oil, mineral oil, residual oil etc.
The first step of this technique is that thermally treated ammonium nitrate 3. Then the fuel 3. Fuel 3f for the processing technique of weight ANFO can be bio-fuel, biodiesel, diesel oil, mineral oil, residual oil etc. Then, bulk emulsion 3. The preferred following situation of blending ratio of bulk emulsion 3.
Can inflate or do not inflate for this bulk emulsion prepared. Final products 3. Second embodiment of the present invention is use high density ammonium nitrate preferred technical grade or chemical fertilizer level as the succedaneum being used for producing the porous ammonium nitrate in the preparation of the weight ANFO ANFO produced.
The method carries out preferably in the trucd mixer being arranged in different mining unit. The method includes high density ammonium nitrate 3. The high density ammonium nitrate used in this preparation preferably has the feature described in table 1 and 2. Fuel 3. The ratio of ammonium nitrate and fuel is determined based on the absorptive capacity of ammonium nitrate, fuel density, will reach high oxygen balance.
Bulk emulsion 3h in hopper 3. In this process, gasifying agent and oxidant salt face carry out chemical reaction when suitable pH and produce the fine dispersion of nitrogen bubble by emulsion. ANFO is a dry and free flowing product, allowing delivery by loose pour or pneumatic loading. The low bulk density of ANFO provides excellent charge distribution in the blast hole. It's available packaged in a variety of sizes and types of bags or delivered in bulk. For bulk delivery, it can be premixed and delivered to overhead storage bins, mixed on-site with stationary equipment and loaded into blast hole delivery trucks or mixed as it is loaded down-the-hole with specialized mobile equipment.
This coating helps block water penetration and enables detonation in damp borehole conditions. When it comes to obtaining the right explosives for your next project, quality and consistency are critical to successful outcomes. As a leading provider of a full range of explosives, accessories, and initiation systems to a number of different industries, we have a strong track record in delivering high quality explosives.
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