Quranic or classical Arabic is based on the medieval dialects of Arab tribes. The sentence structure is the same as is used in the modern standard Arabic used today. The groupings, context and some of the words used are vastly different. There are some minor differences in grammar and punctuation of words between the Quranic and modern standard versions of Arabic. In Classical or Quranic Arabic , special symbols are used to signify proper pronunciation and to give emphasized effects to words, such as pauses between words.
These written Arabic symbols are almost exclusively used in oral reciting of the Quran. MSA is used in virtually every media outlet from TV to movies to newspapers to radio broadcasts. MSA is the Arabic that is used in everyday life in Arabic speaking countries. Modern Standard Arabic is very similar to classical or Quranic Arabic. In fact, many Arabs use them interchangeably.
Overall, the two types of Arabic are very similar. MSA also pronounces words, groups words and elicits a different context between words than in Quranic Arabic.
Quranic classical Arabic is more common in literature and writing while MSA is more common spoken. MSA has several registers , or styles, each used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. The higher registers of MSA, used primarily in formal settings, are closer to Classical Arabic in structure and vocabulary.
They also tend to be quite uniform across the Arabic-speaking world. Lower registers of MSA used in informal contexts differ somewhat from country to country since they represent a mixture of MSA and local spoken varieties. MSA has three vowels. The vowels can be short or long.
Vowel length makes a difference in word meaning. Vowel length is marked by a tilde over the vowel. The Arabic verb system is very different from that of Indo-European languages. Some of its most salient features are listed below. Most of MSA vocabulary, as in other Semitic languages , is formed by the application of vowels and affixes to three-consonant roots, e.
The Arabic script is based on the Nabataean alphabet used to write the Nabataean dialect of Aramaic. Nabateans added 6 symbols to the Aramaic alphabet to represent sounds that did not occur in Aramaic. The Nabataean alphabet contained only symbols for consonants. The Arabs added dots above and below the consonant to represent vowels.
The earliest Arabic inscription dates to AD. Since then, the script has undergone several modifications. Its present form Naskh first appeared in the 11th century AD, and has been used ever since, especially for print. Several other unrelated languages use the Arabic script including Persian , Pashto, and Urdu that use an adapted version of the Arabic script, called Perso-Arabic.
Turkish , Swahili , Hausa , and Uzbek are among languages that used the Arabic script, before they switched to the Latin or Cyrillic alphabets. The Arabic alphabet is a fairly accurate representation of the Arabic sound system.
It is a writing system called abjad in which each symbol stands for a consonant. It contains 28 symbols with additional letters for loanwords that contain sounds that do not occur in Arabic, e.
MSA long vowels are represented by the first three letters below. Short vowels or absence of a vowel are represented by diacritics as shown by the following four letters. There are many words of Arabic origin in English, spread over a variety of fields.
A recent study found Arabic loanwords in English dictionaries. Most of them have entered English through other languages, notably French and Spanish.
Below is a small sampling of Arabic loanwords. One can easily find English words starting with al- the definite article in Arabic in everyday English, e. They were actually developed in India circa BC. The Arabic numeral system uses several different sets of symbols that can be divided into two main groups.
West Arabic European numerals were developed in the Maghreb. East Arabic Arabic-Indic numerals were developed in what is now Iraq. The third set of symbols is used in Indo-Aryan languages. All three sets are shown below Wikipedia.
Toggle navigation. Arabic Modern Standard Ahlan wa sahlan — Welcome. Listen » Basic words in Arabic. Language Difficulty. How difficult is it to learn Arabic? Languages A-Z. Select Language. It is not by chance that in Egyptian Arabic it is katir. Such sound changes are possible. The final uh is a not so clear form of [a]. If in kathirah , we leave the last [a] sound out we are left with kathir.
And then it becomes katir in Egyptian Arabic. Such are the changes that we see from old English to modern English and the same in Egyptian. Abbreviation is part of evolution. New things are made in a different way and one such way is grammaticalization. Learn more about the distribution of language families. And when the house is used as an object it becomes bayta. So here we have these case endings: baytu, bayti, bayta. Such a lingustic particle is always at risk. It means such case endings are not there in non-standard modern Arabic anymore.
It is so because we can see that these types of things do happen as the language moves along. It happens naturally. On the other hand, preserving them like modern standard Arabic language is doing might look great and innocent but it is unnatural in the way that because of this language has not moved through time. So we can say that a standardized language, which is an H language in terms of dialect, can be compared for its development to a wheel that is turning and someone jams a stick into it.
So the wheel really wants to turn but the stick jams it and holds it back. So, modern standard Arabic has challenges but there is something about it. One thing about it that is comparatively simple is that they are not very keen to subdivide time very finely in modern standard Arabic.
The basic thing is that there is a past and there is a present.
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