REGEDIT has a left-side tree view of the Windows registry , lists all loaded hives and represents the three components of a value its name, type, and data as separate columns of a table. REGEDT32 has a left-side tree view, but each hive has its own window, so the tree displays only keys and it represents values as a list of strings. It is a command line utility that scans system files and verifies whether they were signed by Microsoft and works in conjunction with the Windows File Protection mechanism.
It can also repopulate and repair all the files in the Dllcache folder. The Recovery Console is run from outside the installed copy of Windows to perform maintenance tasks that can neither be run from within it nor feasibly be run from another computer or copy of Windows It is usually used to recover the system from problems that cause booting to fail, which would render other tools useless, like Safe Mode or Last Known Good Configuration, or chkdsk.
Windows introduced Windows Script Host 2. Screenshot of Windows Server When users try to access a network share off the DFS root, the user is really looking at a DFS link and the DFS server transparently redirects them to the correct file server and share. Domain-based DFS roots exist within Active Directory and can have their information distributed to other domain controllers within the domain — this provides fault tolerance to DFS. DFS roots that exist on a domain must be hosted on a domain controller or on a domain member server.
A new way of organizing Windows network domains , or groups of resources, called Active Directory, is introduced with Windows to replace Windows NT's earlier domain model. Active Directory's hierarchical nature allowed administrators a built-in way to manage user and computer policies and user accounts, and to automatically deploy programs and updates with a greater degree of scalability and centralization than provided in previous Windows versions.
It is one of the main reasons many corporations migrated to Windows User information stored in Active Directory also provided a convenient phone book-like function to end users. Active Directory domains can vary from small installations with a few hundred objects, to large installations with millions.
Active Directory can organise and link groups of domains into a contiguous domain name space to form trees. Groups of trees outside of the same namespace can be linked together to form forests.
Active Directory services could always be installed on a Windows Server , Advanced Server , or Datacenter Server computer, and cannot be installed on a Windows Professional computer.
However, Windows Professional is the first client operating system able to exploit Active Directory's new features. As part of an organization's migration, Windows NT clients continued to function until all clients were upgraded to Windows Professional, at which point the Active Directory domain could be switched to native mode and maximum functionality achieved.
There should be one or more domain controllers to hold the Active Directory database and provide Active Directory directory services. Along with support for simple, spanned and striped volumes, the server family of Windows also supports fault-tolerant volume types. The types supported are mirrored volumes and RAID-5 volumes :. Windows can be deployed to a site via various methods. It can be installed onto servers via traditional media such as CD or via distribution folders that reside on a shared folder.
Installations can be attended or unattended. During a manual installation, the administrator must specify configuration options. Unattended installations are scripted via an answer file , or a predefined script in the form of an INI file that has all the options filled in.
An answer file can be created manually or using the graphical Setup manager. The Winnt. The ability to slipstream a service pack into the original operating system setup files is also introduced in Windows The Sysprep method is started on a standardized reference computer — though the hardware need not be similar — and it copies the required installation files from the reference computer to the target computers.
The hard drive does not need to be in the target computer and may be swapped out to it at any time, with the hardware configured later. Sysprep allows the duplication of a disk image on an existing Windows Server installation to multiple servers. This means that all applications and system configuration settings will be copied across to the new installations, and thus, the reference and target computers must have the same HALs , ACPI support, and mass storage devices — though Windows automatically detects " plug and play " devices.
The primary reason for using Sysprep is to quickly deploy Windows to a site that has multiple computers with standard hardware. Systems Management Server can be used to upgrade multiple computers to Windows These must be running Windows NT 3.
Using SMS allows installations over a wide area and provides centralised control over upgrades to systems. Remote Installation Services RIS are a means to automatically install Windows Professional and not Windows Server to a local computer over a network from a central server.
Images do not have to support specific hardware configurations and the security settings can be configured after the computer reboots as the service generates a new unique security ID SID for the machine. This is required so that local accounts are given the right identifier and do not clash with other Windows Professional computers on a network.
RIS requires that client computers are able to boot over the network via either a network interface card that has a Pre-Boot Execution Environment PXE boot ROM installed or that the client computer has a network card installed that is supported by the remote boot disk generator. The remote computer must also meet the Net PC specification. Microsoft released various editions of Windows for different markets and business needs: Professional, Server, Advanced Server and Datacenter Server.
Each was packaged separately. Windows Professional was designed as the desktop operating system for businesses and power users. It is the client version of Windows It offers greater security and stability than many of the previous Windows desktop operating systems.
Windows Server shares the same user interface with Windows Professional, but contains additional components for the computer to perform server roles and run infrastructure and application software.
This also provided a purely transitive-trust relationship between Windows domains in a forest a collection of one or more Windows domains that share a common schema , configuration, and global catalog , being linked with two-way transitive trusts. Windows Server supports up to 4 processors, requires MB of RAM and 1 GB hard disk space, however requirements may be higher depending on installed components.
Windows Advanced Server is a variant of Windows Server operating system designed for medium-to-large businesses. It offers clustering infrastructure for high availability and scalability of applications and services, including main memory support of up to 8 gigabytes GB on Physical Address Extension PAE systems and the ability to do 8-way SMP. System requirements are similar to those of Windows Server , however they may need to be higher to scale to larger infrastructure.
Windows Datacenter Server is a variant of Windows Server designed for large businesses that move large quantities of confidential or sensitive data frequently via a central server. Like Advanced Server, it supports clustering , failover and load balancing. Its minimum system requirements are normal, but it was designed to be capable of handing advanced, fault-tolerant and scalable hardware—for instance computers with up to 32 CPUs and 64 GBs RAM, with rigorous system testing and qualification, hardware partitioning, coordinated maintenance and change control.
System requirements are similar to those of Windows Advanced Server , however they may need to be higher to scale to larger infrastructure. Windows has received four full service packs and one rollup update package following SP4, which is the last service pack.
Internet Explorer 5. Microsoft had originally intended to release a fifth service pack for Windows , but Microsoft cancelled this project early in its development, and instead released Update Rollup 1 for SP4, a collection of all the security-related hotfixes and some other significant issues. The Update Rollup does not include all non-security related hotfixes and is not subjected to the same extensive regression testing as a full service pack.
Microsoft states that this update will meet customers' needs better than a whole new service pack, and will still help Windows customers secure their PCs, reduce support costs, and support existing computer hardware. During the Windows period, the nature of attacks on Windows servers changed: more attacks came from remote sources via the Internet.
This has led to an overwhelming number of malicious programs exploiting the IIS services — specifically a notorious buffer overflow tendency. A tendency that is not operating system version specific, but rather configuration specific: being dependent on the services that are enabled. Following this, a common complaint is that "by default, Windows installations contain numerous potential security problems. Many unneeded services are installed and enabled, and there is no active local security policy.
Other criticized flaws include the use of vulnerable encryption techniques. In August , two major worms called Sobig and Blaster began to attack millions of Microsoft Windows computers, resulting in the largest downtime and clean-up cost to that date. The Zotob worm was blamed for security compromises on Windows machines at the U. Using this with an active, unfiltered connection to the Internet may place you at high risk for malware or other unwanted viruses. Do not use this in any form of production environment.
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Microsoft Office and Business Software. Office Software Suites. Microsoft Office Software Suites. Microsoft Operating System. Apple Operating System Software. Dell Operating System Software. Microsoft Windows Operating System Software Microsoft Windows is an operating system that was first released in January of What distinguishes Windows from home operating systems?
What are the main features of Windows ? In addition, you will have access to the following applications: NTFS 3. It comes with disk use quotas, sparse file support, distribution link tracing, and many other features. Local Disk Manager allocates disk space in a more flexible and dynamic manner. Encryption File System provides additional file system encryption to prevent unwanted data access for those who have physical access to the computer.
Active Directory is a directory service that allows you to organize network domains through a server. You can manage user accounts and scale up programs as you see fit. How many different editions of the operating system are available?
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